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Endnotes
1 The Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, 22 U.S.C. §7101 et seq. (2021). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-106publ386
2 The Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2003, 22 U.S.C. §7101 et seq. (2021). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-108publ193
3 The Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005, 22 U.S.C. §7101 et seq. (2021). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-109publ164
4 The William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008, 22 U.S.C. §7101 et seq. (2019). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-110publ457
5 FAR Council, “Federal Acquisition Regulation; Ending Trafficking in Persons,” Federal Register 80 No. 19 (January 29, 2015): 4967-4992. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2015-01-29/pdf/2015-01524.pdf
6 The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013, 22 U.S.C. §7104 et seq. (2021). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-112publ239
7 The Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013, 22 U.S.C. § 13701 et seq. (2013). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-113publ4
8 The Justice for Victims of Trafficking Act of 2015, 22 U.S.C. §3014 et seq. (2021). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-114publ22
9 The Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015, 22 U.S.C. §1307 et seq. (2016). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-114publ125
10 The Combating Human Trafficking in Commercial Vehicles Act, 49 U.S.C. §31313 (2021). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-115publ99
11 The No Human Trafficking on Our Roads Act of 2018, 49 U.S.C. §31310 (2018). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-115publ106
12 The Department of Homeland Security Blue Campaign Authorization Act of 2018, 6 U.S.C. §242 (2021). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-115publ125
13 The FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018, 22 U.S.C. §44738 (2018). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-115publ254
14 The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2017, 22 U.S.C. §7101 et seq. (2021). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-115publ393
15 The Abolish Human Trafficking Act of 2017, 22 U.S.C. §7102 et seq. (2021). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-115publ392
16 The SOAR to Health and Wellness Act of 2018, 22 U.S.C. §300d-54 (2018). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-115publ398
17 The Frederick Douglass Trafficking Victims Prevention and Protection Reauthorization Act of 2018, 22 U.S.C. §7101 et seq. (2019). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-115publ425
18 The Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2017, 22 U.S.C. §7101 et seq. (2019). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-115publ427
19 The United States-Mexico-Canada-Agreement Implementation Act of 2020, 22 U.S.C. §4681 et seq. (2020). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-116publ113
20 The Not Invisible Act of 2019, 22 U.S.C. §2801 et seq. (2019). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-116publ166
21 The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, 22 U.S.C. §31102 et seq. (2021). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-117publ58/
22 The Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act, 22 U.S.C. §31102 et seq. (2021). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-117publ78/
23 The National Defense Authorization Act of 2022. 22 U.S.C. §242 (2021). http://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-117publ81/
24 Ibid.
25 Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.§1681 et seq., (2021) https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USCODE-2020-title15/USCODE-2020-title15-chap41-subchapIII- sec1681
26 Exec. Order No. 13126, 64 Federal Register 32383 (June 16, 1999). http://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-1999-06-16/pdf/99-15491.pdf
27 Exec. Order No. 13581, 76 Federal Register 44757 (July 27, 2011). http://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2011-07-27/pdf/2011-19156.pdf
28 Exec. Order No. 13627, 77 Federal Register 60029 (October 12, 2012). http://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2012-10-02/pdf/2012-24374.pdf
29 FAR Council, “Federal Acquisition Regulation; Ending Trafficking in Persons,” 80 Federal Register No. 19 (January 29, 2015): 4967-4992. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2015/01/29/2015-01524/federal-acquisition-regulation-end ing-trafficking-in-persons
30 FAR Council, “Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Regulation; Combating Trafficking in Persons—Definition of Recruitment Fees,” 83 Federal Register No. 244 (December 20, 2018): 65466-6579. http://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/12/20/2018-27541/federal-acquisition-regulation-com bating-trafficking-in-persons-definition-of-recruitment-fees
31 Exec. Order No. 13773, 82 Federal Register 10691 (February 14, 2017). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2017-02-14/pdf/2017-03113.pdf
32 Exec. Order No. 13818, 82 Federal Register 60389 (December 26, 2017). http://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2017-12-26/pdf/2017-27925.pdf
33 The Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act (Global Magnitsky Act, Title XII, Subtitle F of P.L. 114- 328; 22 U.S.C. §2656 note. https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-114publ328
34 Exec. Order No. 13898, 84 Federal Register 66059 (December 2, 2019). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2019-12-02/pdf/2019-26178.pdf
35 Exec. Order No. 13903, 85 Federal Register 6721 (February 5, 2020). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2020-02-05/pdf/2020-02438.pdf
36 Exec. Order No. 13923, 85 Federal Register 30587 (May 20, 2020). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2020-05-20/pdf/2020-10993.pdf
37 Exec. Order No. 14060, 86 Federal Register 71793 (December 20, 2021). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2021-12-20/pdf/2021-27605.pdf
38 International Labour Organization (ILO), Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, C182, June 17, 1999, C182. https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ddb6e0c4.html
39 U.N. General Assembly, Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Wom en and Children, Supplementing the United Nations against Transnational Organized Crime, November 15, 2000. https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/2000/11/20001115%2011-38%20AM/Ch_XVIII_12_ap.pdf
40 U.N. Office of Drugs and Crimes, “Signatories to the CTOC Trafficking Protocol.” Council of Europe,
41 Council of Europe Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings, May 16, 2015, CETS 197. https://rm.coe.int/168008371d
42 Council of Europe, Group of Experts on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings. https://www.coe.int/en/web/anti-human-trafficking/greta
43 Directive 2011/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2011 on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims, and replacing Council Framework Deci sion 2002/629/JHA. http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2011/36/oj
44 International Labour Organization, Convention Concerning Forced or Compulsory Labour, June 28, 1930. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C029
45 International Labour Organization. P-029 – Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention, 1930. Adop tion: Geneva, 103rd ILC session June 11, 2014. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:P029
46 International Labour Organization, Convention Concerning Forced or Compulsory Labour, June 28, 1930. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C029
47 International Labour Organization, Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, C105, June 25, 1957. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C105
48 See footnote 46.
49 International Labour Organization, Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention, 1930, June 11, 2014. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:P029
50 Ibid.
51 International Labour Organization, Recommendation 203: recommendation on Supplementary Measures for the Effective Suppression of Forced Labour, June 11, 2014. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:3174688
52 U.N. General Assembly, Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, October 21, 2015. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld/publication
53 Ibid. 21.
54 Ibid. 22.
55 Ibid. 27.
56 Ibid.
57 U.K. Modern Slavery Act 2015 c. 30 (March 26, 2015). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/30/contents/enacted
58 Ibid.
59 U.K. Home Office, “Modern Slavery Act 2015 Review: second interim report,” January 22, 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/modern-slavery-act-2015-review-second-interim-report
60 U.K. Home Office, “Transparency in Supply Chains Consultation,” September 17, 2019. http://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/transparency-in-supply-chains/transparency-in-sup ply-chains-consultation-accessible-version
61 U.K. Public General Acts, Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act, 2018 c.13 (2018). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/13/contents
62 U.K. Home Office, “Government response: Transparency in supply chains consultation.” September 22, 2020. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/ file/919937/Government_response_to_transparency_in_supply_chains_consultation_21_09_20.pdf
63 U.K. Modern slave statement registry. https://modern-slavery-statement-registry.service.gov.uk
64 Wet van 24 oktober 2019 houdende de invoering van een zorgplicht ter voorkoming van de levering van goederen en diensten die met behulp van kinderarbeid tot stand zijn gekomen (Wet zorgplicht kinderar beid), Stb. 2019, 401 (13 November 2019). https://www.parlementairemonitor.nl/9353000/1/j9vvij5epmj1ey0/vk57guit62wn
65 Australia, Modern Slavery Act 2018 (No. 153, 2018). https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2018A00153
66 Gesetzentwurf der Bundesregierung, Entwurf eines Gesetzes über die unternehmerischen Sorgfaltsp flichten in Lieferkette (2021). https://dserver.bundestag.de/btd/19/305/1930505.pdf
67 Swiss Federal Chancellery, Initiative populaire fédérale “Entreprises responsables: pour protéger l’être humain et l’environnement.” https://corporatejusticecoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/KVI_Factsheet_5_E.pdf This proposal was defeated at the ballot box on November 29, 2020
68 Swiss Federal Office of Justice, Articles 964a-964c CO and 964j-964l CO, and Article 325ter of the Swiss Criminal Code (2022). Also see Swiss Federal Office of Justice, Code des Obligations: Contre-projet indi rect à l’initiative populaire “Entreprises responsables – pour protéger l’être humain et l’environnement.” https://www.parlament.ch/centers/eparl/curia/2016/20160077/Texte%20pour%20le%20vote%20final%20 2%20NS%20F.pdf
69 Norway Ministry of Children and Families, Lov om virksomheters åpenhet og arbeid med grunnleggende menneskerettigheter og anstendige arbeidsforhold (åpenhetsloven), December 10, 2021. https://lovdata.no/dokument/NLE/lov/2021-06-18-99
70 European Commission, “Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Corpo rate Sustainability Due Diligence and amending Directive EU 2019/1937,” February 23, 2022. https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/1_1_183885_prop_dir_susta_en.pdf